Investigating the type 2 diabetes epidemic and contributing lifestyle factors in the State of Kuwait: an evolutionary mismatch perspective

The introduction of this doctoral thesis comprises a series of narrative reviews focusing on modifiable risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the State of Kuwait. These reviews aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how lifestyle behaviors—such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and other health-related habits—contribute to the prevalence of NCDs in the region. By employing a systematic approach to evidence synthesis and incorporating rigorous quality appraisal methods, this thesis seeks to bridge the gap between research and practice. The ultimate goal is to formulate evidence-based, context-specific recommendations that promote healthier living in Kuwait, addressing key barriers and facilitating sustainable behavioral change at both individual and societal levels.

The last research project presents a case report examining the application of an innovative preventive health screening tool for early detection of modifiable risk factors in non- communicable diseases (NCDs). The case focuses on an individual with elevated NCD risk, documenting baseline screening results across metrics such as physical activity levels, sleep quality, and handgrip strength. Over a twelve-week period, the project tracks the effectiveness of personalized lifestyle interventions recommended based on screening data. This case provides practical insights into the screening tool’s utility in a non-clinical setting, highlighting its role in empowering self-management and informing future improvements for broader preventive health applications.

The complementary research project will investigate the statistical relationships among the metrics acquired through the preventive health screening tool. By analyzing these correlations— whether positive, negative, or statistically insignificant—the study aims to clarify how each metric interacts. Understanding these associations will enable practitioners to design health-promoting interventions with greater precision, ensuring that the recommended "dose" of lifestyle modifications is tailored to individual needs at the optimal time.